[tamil] Marabiyal on Hermeneutic Scince-2
Dear Friends ,
The second part on Hermenutic Scince as defined in marabiyal is
given below. I have the sutras in Tamil script just for
convenience but retained the transliterations. What is
historically interesting is that we have here the use of TECNICAL
terms of Indian Logic and the fact that it is Circular as
distinct from the linear kind logic of the Greeks and hence
essentialy hermeneutical-- that which is concerned with
illuminating understanding.
The first part is availble at the following address:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/meykandar/message/8069
Loga
The Grammar of (Scientific) Texts
1598
otta suuttiram uraippin kaaNdikai
meyppada kiLanta vakaiyatu aaki
iiraing kuRRamum inRi neeritin
muppat tirivakai uttiyodu puNarin
nuul ena mozipa nuNangku mozip pulavar
A scientific TEXT has the following structural elements in it: a
collection of related sutras, a commentary in the form
logical demonstration that serves to establish the truths and as
a whole composed with the 32 utties and without the ten
types of defects.
Notes: All these structural elements that go to make up a
scientific TEXT are enunciated in greater detail in the sutras
below one by one.
1599.
uraiyeduttu atanmun yaappinum suuttiram
puraitaba udanpadak kaaNdikai puNarppinum
viduttalum vilakalum enaviru vakaiyodu
puNarntavai naadip puNarkkavum padumee
There may be introductory prefaces before the strict logical
demonstrations that clarifies the meanings, or remarks here
and there mentioning what are left out without elucidations
or put aside as not relevant
1600
meeRkiLanta yaappin udporuLodu
cilvakai ezuttin ceyyut taaki
collung kaalai urai akattu adakki
nuNmaiyodu puNarnta oNmaiththu aakit
thuLakkal aakaat tuNaimai eyti
aLakkal aakaa arupporut taakip
palavakai yaanum payan teribu udaiyatu
suuttirattu iyalbena yaattanar pulavar.
The sutra is a statement that occurs in the above types of
scientific texts with the following qualities: It is a
composition
with the minimal numbers of words; would require a commentary
for explicating its meaning; it embodies a deep
ILLUMINATION of immense depths; the insight it embodies is so
penetrating that it is not that easy to expound it;
because of the brilliance of insights it is of immeasurable
value. And in addition to these, it also holds within itself
many
other implications and nuances of immense value
Notes:
The sutra in Hermeneutic Scientific texts that is being explained
here holds a position similar to AXIOMS in mathematical
treatises, logically the most rigourous. The word is derived from
SumeroTamil su/zu meaning an illumination, a light (Ta.
cuur, cudar etc) and derivatively a deep understanding. It is
only because it embodies an uncommon and deep
understanding perhaps attained for the first time that it
requires an explication with appropriate reasons and
illustrations
1601
pazippil cuuttiram padda paNbin
karapinRi mudivatu kaaNdikai yaakum
The KaaNdikai type of Logical Demonstration applies to faultless
sutras and serves to estabish what is stated beyond
doubts and uncertainties.
Notes:
karappu: confusion , doubts, uncertainties all because of
concealment of meaning. The KandiKai must elucidate in such a
way that there is no more this concealment or hiddeness and hence
it serves UNCONCEAL or bring to light the meaning
of the sutras.
1602.
viddakal vinRi virivodu poruntic
cuddiya cuuttiram mudittaR poruddaa
eetu nadaiyum eduttuk kaaddinum
meevaangku amainta meyneRittu atuvee
For this purpose the Kaandikai type of logical demonstration
stays strictly with the intend of the sutra but at the same
expounding the TRUTH of the sutra and for which purpose it
brings the Etu(Reasons) and Eduttukkaaddu (Arguments)
Notes:
These technical terms in Indian Logic occurs for the first time
here in this sutra. The word Etu is used very widely in all
Indian treatises on Logic and is possibly derive from Ta. etu:
meaning Which? or What? . Since it is the questions of this
sort that leads to the seeking of REASONS, probabaly the Tamil
interrogative was modified to describe the reason
itself.
The term " mey neRittu" is also very important. It shows that the
CONCERN of Sutras and demonstrations is TRUTH
and not something else.
1603.
cuuttirattu udporuL anRiyum yaappuRa
inRi yamaiyaathu iyaibavai ellaam
onRa uraippatu urai enap padumee
Now over and above the strictly logical Kandikai, there are
commentaries that expound the meaning of the sutras bringing
together all the necessary information for this purpose.
1604.
maRutalai kadAa maaRamum udaittaayt
than nuulaanum mudinta nuulaanum
aiyamum marutkaiyum cevvitin niikkit
tuNivodu niRRal enmanaar pulavar.
Such commentaries also must NOT be something that can be refuted
and must clarify the issues beyond doubts and
uncertainties citing one's own texts or others that are well
established for this purpose. If there are multiple meanings
then
it must be disambiguated so that the single and the most definite
meaning stands out with the modality of certainty
prevailing throughout.
Nores:
maRutalai kadAa: that which does not necessitate contary or
opposing views.
1605.
collap paddanna ellaa maaNbum
maRutalai yaayin maRRu atu citaivee
Now if there is a text without the structural elements above and
hence NOT conforming to those characteristics, then that
text can be considered DEFECTIVE
1606.
citaivila enpa mutalvan kaNNee
The scholars will say that such defects are NOT present in the
authors of authoritative texts (that serve the growth of
secondary derivative texts)
1607.
mutalvazi yaayinum yaappinut citaiyum
valloon punaiyaa vaaram poonRatee
But these texts, even derivative, if they are defective in
terms of the Language used, then it should be taken as a hymn
composed by someone incompetent
1608.
citaivu enppadubavai vasaiyaRa naadin
kuuRiyatu kuuRal, maaRukoLak kuuRal
kunRak kuuRal mikappadak kuuRal
poruLila mozital mayangkak kuuRal
keedpoorkku innaa yaappiRRu aatal
pazitta moziyaan izukkang kuuRal
tanaan oruporuL karutik kuuRal
enna vakaiyinum mankkooL inmai
anna piRavum avaRRu viriyaakum
Among the DEFECTS if the Logical Defects are isolated without any
complaints i.e as the generally agreed upon they
are the following: redundancies, self-contradictions, incomplete
articulations, excessive and imprecise statements, saying
what are meaningless, stating is such a way that it is immensely
confusing; couching in a diction very unpleasant to hear;
insulting the opponents with abusive language; twisting the facts
to establish one's own prejudiced view; couching in a
language with deliberate intend to obfuscate the issue so that no
matter how hard one tries there is NO comprehension of
what is intended and all such mental strategies and their
elaborations.
Notes:
Here we have the listing of Logical Fallacies for the first time
in Indian history. The first two are stricly logical, the next
four pertain to the Language used and hence semantical. The
"inna yaapu" pertains to prosody and hence poetical. The
"pazitta mozi" is Ad Hominem type of fallacies. "Tannan oruporuL
karuti kuuRal" pertains to prejudice and hence lack of
OBJECTIVITY. The "Manang KoL inmai" is the deliberate artefact
whereby something definite and clear is made
impossible from the study of the statement.
1609
etir maRuttu uNarin attiRattavum avaiyee
Even if the structure is such that only by denying the contrary
that which is intended is grasped, it will be considered a
species of defects.
(to continue)2
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